Best Clays for Modelling

Clay is a versatile, pliable material used in the creation of sculptures, children's crafts and art projects. It is designed to be easily shaped and reshaped, providing a tactile and creative outlet for artists and enthusiasts of all ages and skill levels. Whether you’re an experienced sculptor or a beginner eager to dive into the world of ceramics and pottery, selecting the right clay can significantly influence the outcome, texture, handling and even the firing process of your finished projects.

At Portclays, we have been a leading UK clay supplier for over 90 years and understand the importance of choosing the right clay for your ceramic creations. In this article, we discuss the best clays for modelling and explore the factors you should consider when choosing the right clay for your specific project.

1. Water-Based Clay

Water-based clay, often referred to as pottery or ceramic clay, is incredibly popular among potters and hobbyists. This clay is extremely pliable, easily shaped to achieve smooth finishes and holds fine details. It consists mostly of natural clay minerals and water, making it a great option for those who appreciate a traditional or eco-friendly approach to sculpting.

Water-based clay requires kiln firing to become permanent. It is widely used for making functional pottery, ceramic sculptures and decorative pieces and is the primary choice for wheel throwing and hand-building techniques.

Pro's: 

• Beginner-friendly
• Non-toxic
• Infinitely recyclable before firing

Con's:

• Tends to shrink or crack if it dries too quickly
• Once dry, it can’t be reworked

Suitable for:

• Bowls, plates and decorative items
• Classrooms and educational settings

2. Air-Hardening Clay

Air-hardening or air-dry clay does not require kiln firing or baking, which makes it a convenient option for home crafters and classroom settings. Instead, it hardens at room temperature as the moisture evaporates from the clay after shaping. Air-hardening clays contain fibres for added strength when the piece is to remain unfired. It is frequently used in educational settings due to its ease of use and non-toxicity. The downside to air-hardening clay is that if you decide to fire it, you will need to consider the fumes released as the fibres burn away. As with standard ceramic clay, the piece won’t hold water (unless fired with a glaze) and will still be relatively fragile.

Pro's: 

• Beginner-friendly
• Non-toxic
• Does not require a kiln or oven

Con's:

• Slow drying process
• Less durable than kiln-fired clay
• Once dry, it can’t be reworked

Suitable for:

• Classroom and educational settings
• Home ornaments
• Jewellery making

3. Paper Clay

Paper clay is a standard ceramic clay mixed with cellulose fibres, making it a versatile choice. The addition of paper gives it a distinctive structure which enhances its strength and ease of use. The fibres within the clay allow for exceptional bonding and repair capabilities, which is helpful for sculptors. Paper clay should be kiln-fired to create durable pieces. The paper fibres reduce shrinkage and cracking during the drying process. It is often used in educational settings and complex projects to add fresh clay to dry pieces without causing joint stress.

Pro's: 

• Lightweight
• Sustainable
• Non-toxic

Con's:

• Tends to be stickier than other clays
• Not typically easy to throw on a potter's wheel 

Suitable for:

• Complex sculptures
• Repairing cracks in dry clay
• Classroom and educational settings

Choosing the Right Clay

Choosing the right clay is essential for any sculptor or hobbyist looking to create detailed and durable pieces. Whether you’re guiding young minds in exploring their creative potential or crafting a meticulously detailed sculpture, the right clay can make all the difference. Consider the following factors before choosing a modelling clay:

1. Project Requirements

Your project's demands significantly influence your choice of clay. For example, if you're creating a detailed figurine, smooth modelling clay might be preferable due to its fine detailing capabilities.

2. Consistency 

The feel of the clay in your hands is crucial. Some clays are firm, smooth, and more suitable for maintaining sharp details, while others are groggy, more malleable and easier to shape. Firm clays can be challenging for beginners because they require substantial conditioning before use. In contrast, groggy clays might not hold fine details well but are more forgiving and easier for beginners to use.

3. Durability 

Consider what will happen to your piece after modelling. If it’s a permanent installation, durability is key. Kiln-fired water-based clays provide a sturdy finish. If you intend for the sculpture to have a glazed finish, check how different clays accept various glazes and other surface treatments. Some clays may also have tendencies to crack or warp (e.g. when left outdoors in below-zero conditions), which influences the longevity of the artwork.

4. Colour

Clays come in a variety of colours, from pure white to black. Consider whether you need coloured clay or if you prefer pale clay to show translucent glazes off to their best effect.

5. Availability of Tools

Standard ceramic clays require a kiln to convert them from clay to ceramic. Consider whether or not you have access to a kiln or a studio. Some clays can be air-dried such as air-hardening clay. There are lots of options for firing these days. Check if there is a pottery, shared studio or makerspace near you that would be prepared to fire your work.

6. Price

Lastly, consider your budget and the availability of the clay. Some specialised clays can be expensive and may need to be pre-ordered. More generic options might be more affordable and readily available.

Browse Our Wide Range of Clays

Whatever type of ceramic clay you decide to use, make sure to purchase it from a reputable and knowledgeable supplier like Potclays. We offer a wide range of clays in different colours and weights to suit all kinds of ceramic and pottery projects and our clay manufacturing process is also free from toxic materials. Most importantly, we have technical advisers on hand to answer any questions or help you resolve any issues you might run into. 

Ceramics can be complex at times, so having a source of knowledge you can trust and rely on is a must. If you are unsure about what type of clay you should be using for your project, please make an online enquiry and we will be happy to help.